Phonological processes are speech sound errors that occur in patterns. In younger children, these are sometimes developmentally appropriate. However, some of them should disappear by age 3, and all of them should disappear by age 7. Some common phonological processes include: Reduplication: e.g. “baba” for bottle. Should disappear by age 3. Unstressed syllable deletion: e.g.…
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Vocal nodules are non cancerous growths on the vocal folds. They affect the way a person’s voice sounds. The voice can sound hoarse, lower in pitch, or breathy. They form because of repeated stress on one area of the vocal folds. They often form in pairs. Some causes for vocal nodules include talking loudly, allergies,…
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Articulation refers to the movement of speech mechanisms such as the tongue, lips, larynx, teeth, hard palate, nose, etc., These mechanisms may not work properly due to being weak, damaged, or malformed, which causes a speech sound disorder. On the other hand, phonological disorders focus on the predictable rule-based errors in speech. An example of…
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What is Apraxia of Speech? Apraxia is a motor speech sound disorder. It is sometimes referred to as Apraxia of Speech (AOS) or Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). Apraxia is neurological meaning that it affects the brain pathways involved in planning the sequence of movements needed to produce speech. The brain knows what it wants…
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By Deanna Kelly All children make errors while developing their speech and language skills. These errors or patterns are called “phonological processes”, and children use them to simplify adult speech. Between the ages of 3-5 children typically begin to eliminate these processes. Speech-Language Therapy is needed when children do not eliminate these processes and continue…
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